RUSLANIA: Russia and the neighboring countries. A high raised (3D) relief panorama.

The map is delivered framed.
All captions in Russian.
High-raised relief panorama of Russia "de Luxe" for office, home and school design and decoration.
The height of the panorama relief reaches 80 mm.
High-raised relief panoramas create the effect of visual perception of the real-volume landscape from the bird's-eye view, especially the real dynamics and detailed characteristics of the mountainous relief.

DESCRIPTION of high-raised relief panoramas

1. Product class
High-raised relief panoramas are a class of relief maps with increased landscape volume. Relief height reaches 80 mm (3,15‘’).
High-raised relief panoramas create the effect of visual perception of the real-volume landscape from the bird's-eye view, especially the real dynamics and detailed characteristics of the mountainous relief.

2. Source material
Source material for both high-raised relief panoramas and relief maps is the same. It is a PVC plastic sheet, t = 0,3 mm.

3. Peculiarities of production technology
The fourfold increase in relief height (from 20 mm to 80 mm) was made possible due to the three new technological operations in addition to the classic technology of relief maps production. The following processing steps have been included:
- calibration of the material;
- image focusing;
- ribbing.
4. Description of new technological operations

4.1. Calibration of the material
Calibration is the process of zone formation on the whole surface of the plastic sheet with 20-30% thickening at the expense of thinning of neighboring plots. The increase in thickness of the source material is realized through the technology of local heating in the zones of future mountain formations. The higher the mountains are (up to 80 mm), the larger mass of plastic is concentrated there. Local zones and their processing rates are defined according to the temperature pattern map.
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the equal thickness of plastic on the whole surface area when the process of high-raised relief formation is over.
Calibration operation makes up 45% of all the production time.

4.2. Image focusing
Movement patterns of 2D marks during 3D plastic deformation are calculated. The number of design marks makes up 85 000 – 120 000 for the final size of 1120 x 800 mm (44,0” х 31,5”) and relief height reaching 80 mm (3,20”). Movement patterns factor in irregularity of the temperature pattern and plastic surface tension after the deformation process is finished (“spring extension effect”).
Image focusing is the most complicated and important part of the process. It makes up 40% of all the production time.

4.3. Ribbing
Ribbing is applied on mountain areas and on the bottoms of stream canals. Ribbing is a process of heating the fully formed raised relief with printed image from the inner side of the panorama by means of a network of thin nozzles and channels. After the heating those areas undergo abrupt cooling, as a result plastic there becomes harder. Abrupt change of temperature pattern allows to increase surface tension of a high-raised relief panorama and prevent sagging in case it is placed on the wall.
The process of ribbing makes up 15% of all the production time.

5. On the use of panoramas in schools, colleges and universities
On the ground of public examination and with a glance to didactic efficiency, illustrativeness and quality of the product Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine officially labeled these high-raised relief panoramas with a status of a teaching aid recommending it for use in schools, colleges and universities.